Problem-solving strategies in psychiatry: differences between experts and novices in diagnostic accuracy and reasoning

dc.creator	Gabriel A
dc.creator	Violato C
dc.date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
dc.date.accessioned	2015-07-20T22:15:31Z
dc.date.available	2015-07-20T22:15:31Z
dc.identifier	1179-7258
dc.identifier	https://doaj.org/article/cb2d2620de9343888211bff023f030a0
dc.identifier.uri	http://evidence.thinkportal.org/handle/123456789/17705
dc.description	Adel Gabriel,1,2 Claudio Violato21Departments of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary; 2Medical Education, Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, CanadaBackground: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare diagnostic success and its relationship with the diagnostic reasoning process between novices and experts in psychiatry.Methods: Nine volunteers, comprising five expert psychiatrists and four clinical clerks, completed a think-aloud protocol while attempting to make a DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) diagnosis of a selected case with both Axis I and Axis III diagnoses.Results: Expert psychiatrists made significantly more successful diagnoses for both the primary psychiatric and medical diagnoses than clinical clerks. Expert psychiatrists also gave fewer differential options. Analyzing the think-aloud protocols, expert psychiatrists were much more organized, made fewer mistakes, and utilized significantly less time to access their knowledge than clinical clerks. Both novices and experts seemed to use the hypothetic-deductive and scheme-inductive approaches to diagnosis. However, experts utilized hypothetic-deductive approaches significantly more often than novices.Conclusion: The hypothetic-deductive diagnostic strategy was utilized more than the scheme-inductive approach by both expert psychiatrists and clinical clerks. However, a specific relationship between diagnostic reasoning and diagnostic success could not be identified in this small pilot study. The author recommends a larger study that would include a detailed analysis of the think-aloud protocols.Keywords: diagnostic reasoning, knowledge structure, psychiatric diagnosis, hypothetic-deductive, scheme-inductive
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	Dove Press
dc.relation	http://www.dovepress.com/problem-solving-strategies-in-psychiatry-differences-between-experts-a-a11930
dc.relation	https://doaj.org/toc/1179-7258
dc.source	Advances in Medical Education and Practice, Vol 2013, Iss default, Pp 11-16 (2013)
dc.subject	Medicine (General)
dc.subject	R5-920
dc.subject	Medicine
dc.subject	R
dc.subject	DOAJ:Medicine (General)
dc.subject	DOAJ:Health Sciences
dc.subject	Special aspects of education
dc.subject	LC8-6691
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	DOAJ:Education
dc.subject	DOAJ:Social Sciences
dc.subject	Medicine (General)
dc.subject	R5-920
dc.subject	Medicine
dc.subject	R
dc.subject	DOAJ:Medicine (General)
dc.subject	DOAJ:Health Sciences
dc.subject	Special aspects of education
dc.subject	LC8-6691
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	DOAJ:Education
dc.subject	DOAJ:Social Sciences
dc.subject	Medicine (General)
dc.subject	R5-920
dc.subject	Medicine
dc.subject	R
dc.subject	Special aspects of education
dc.subject	LC8-6691
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	Medicine (General)
dc.subject	R5-920
dc.subject	Medicine
dc.subject	R
dc.subject	Special aspects of education
dc.subject	LC8-6691
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	Medicine (General)
dc.subject	R5-920
dc.subject	Medicine
dc.subject	R
dc.subject	Special aspects of education
dc.subject	LC8-6691
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.title	Problem-solving strategies in psychiatry: differences between experts and novices in diagnostic accuracy and reasoning
dc.type	article