Three Approaches from Europe:  Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia

dc.creator	Carolyn Pope Edwards
dc.date	2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
dc.date.accessioned	2015-08-12T11:22:01Z
dc.date.available	2015-08-12T11:22:01Z
dc.identifier	1524-5039
dc.identifier	https://doaj.org/article/8d1e8306a48846d49fcec65d5fff8571
dc.identifier.uri	http://evidence.thinkportal.org/handle/123456789/29293
dc.description	Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia are three progressive approaches to early childhood education that appear to be growing in influence in North America and to have many points in common. This article provides a brief comparative introduction and highlights several key areas of similarity and contrast. All three approaches represent an explicit idealism and turn away from war and violence toward peace and reconstruction. They are built on coherent visions of how to improve human society by helping children realize their full potential as intelligent, creative, whole persons. In each approach, children are viewed as active authors of their own development, strongly influenced by natural, dynamic, self-righting forces within themselves, opening the way toward growth and learning. Teachers depend for their work with children on carefully prepared, aesthetically pleasing environments that serve as a pedagogical tool and provide strong messages about the curriculum and about respect for children. Partnering with parents is highly valued in all three approaches, and children are evaluated by means other than traditional tests and grades. However, there are also many areas of difference, some at the level of principle and others at the level of strategy. Underlying the three approaches are variant views of the nature of young children's needs, interests, and modes of learning that lead to contrasts in the ways that teachers interact with children in the classroom, frame and structure learning experiences for children, and follow the children through observation/documentation. The article ends with discussion of the methods that researchers apply to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
dc.language	English
dc.language	Chinese
dc.language	Spanish
dc.publisher	ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Educati
dc.relation	http://www.ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n1/edwards.html
dc.relation	https://doaj.org/toc/1524-5039
dc.source	Early Childhood Research & Practice, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2002)
dc.subject	Classroom Environment
dc.subject	Preschool Education
dc.subject	Reggio Emilia Approach
dc.subject	Teacher Student Relationship
dc.subject	Montessori Schools
dc.subject	Waldorf Schools
dc.subject	Theory and practice of education
dc.subject	LB5-3640
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	DOAJ:Education
dc.subject	DOAJ:Social Sciences
dc.subject	Theory and practice of education
dc.subject	LB5-3640
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	DOAJ:Education
dc.subject	DOAJ:Social Sciences
dc.subject	Theory and practice of education
dc.subject	LB5-3640
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	Theory and practice of education
dc.subject	LB5-3640
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.subject	Theory and practice of education
dc.subject	LB5-3640
dc.subject	Education
dc.subject	L
dc.title	Three Approaches from Europe: Waldorf, Montessori, and Reggio Emilia
dc.type	article