Directing attention to sounds of different frequencies allows listeners to perceive a sound of interest, like a talker, in a mixture. Whether cortically generated frequency-specific attention affects responses as low as the auditory brainstem is currently unclear. Participants attended to either a high- or low-frequency tone stream, which was presented simultaneously and tagged with different amplitude modulation (AM) rates. In a replication design, we showed that envelope-following responses (EFRs) were modulated by attention only when the stimulus AM rate was slow enough for the auditory cortex to track—and not for stimuli with faster AM rates, which are thought to reflect ‘purer’ brainstem sources. Thus, we found no evidence of frequency-specific attentional modulation that can be confidently attributed to brainstem generators. The results demonstrate that different neural populations contribute to EFRs at higher and lower rates, compatible with cortical contributions at lower rates. The results further demonstrate that stimulus AM rate can alter conclusions of EFR studies.This work was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; Operating Grant: MOP 133450) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC; Discovery Grant: 327429-2012). Authors R.P. Carlyon and H.E. Gockel were supported by intramural funding from the Medical Research Council [SUAG/007 RG91365].