Future time perspective: examination of multiple conceptualizations and work-related correlates

Abstract

Full-time employed and unemployed adults' life level of analysis future time perspective (FTP) and work level of analysis occupational future time perspective (OFTP) were evaluated to measure differences between FTP conceptualizations and the validity of OFTP in the work domain. A final sample of 304 full-time employed and 98 unemployed job seeking adults completed a self-report online battery including demographic, work history, FTP, work-related attitudes, and personality measures. Results found the three FTP conceptualizations [Carstensen and Lang Future Time Perspective Scale (CL-FTP); Zimbardo and Boyd Future Factor (ZBF); and Consideration for Future Consequences Scale (CFC] were differentially related to achievement striving and planfulness. The CL-FTP scale was weakly, significantly and not significantly related to the CFC and ZBF scales, respectively. In addition, results indicated OFTP had a significantly stronger relationship with chronological age than CL-FTP and OFTP added incremental validity beyond general CL-FTP in predicting work-related attitudes. Lastly, mean differences in CL-FTP and OFTP scores by employment status were obtained, indicating that OFTP may be susceptible to change via work characteristics. Further exploratory analyses and theoretical and practical implications of the current findings are discussed.