The article features the soviet authorities agricultural politics and the main socio-economic consequences of the 1920s agricultural reforms in multicultural Kazakhstan, poly-ethnic population of which has been formed by the special ways of the regions colonization. Agricultural politics of the Soviets in Kazakhstan had a number of peculiarities. In contrast to the central European Russia where the peasantry had been attracted to the Bolshevism through handing them the landowners lands: in Kazakhstan there were no big landowners, but for the Kozaks and the immigrants. The latter, having received nothing from the Soviets, had actively supported the white movement. The absence of the real civic group in the population - peasantry - made the Bolsheviks play the ethnic card restoring the Kazakh state in the form of autonomy. The boundaries of the new state formation were not well thought resulting in inclusion of lands with the Russian majority, mostly the Kozaks who had suffered a lot from the pursued ethnic politics. The article concludes that in the course of the agricultural reforms in Kazakhstan along with the indigenization policy in respect of the republican sate formation and with the aim at the redistribution of lands in favour of the indigenous people, the ethnos-centered state model was formed, the evolution of which brought out the crash of the united state in the 1990s.