The article deals with the comparative analysis of the results of researches, conducted in 2010 using the “PLHIV stigma index” methodology in Ukraine and Russia. During these researches the people living with HIV were interviewed. The obtained data prove that the stigmatization and discrimination of PLHIV levels in both countries are high. 22% of respondents in Ukraine and 12% in Russia said, that their rights were violated during the last 12 months. 51% of PLHIV in Ukraine and 35% in Russia faced with the different manifestations of stigmatization and discrimination from the surrounding people. 32% of PLHIV in Ukraine and 21% in Russia experienced the stigma and discrimination from institutions and organizations. In general PLHIV in Ukraine face with the majority of stigma and discrimination manifestations in different spheres of life, excepting the specialized medical care, a bit more frequently than in Russia. The described differences are connected not only with the different levels of stigmatization and discrimination in both countries. To some extent they are caused by the higher level of knowledge of the Ukrainian PLHIV about their rights, owing to which they pay more attention to the cases of their violations. The described data can be used by HIV-service non-government organizations in their activity aimed at advocation of PLHIV rights. But for the more detailed study of PLHIV stigmatization, in particular for the distinguishing of stigma based on the HIV-status from the stigmatization of the most-at-risk-populations, the additional researches are necessary.