Purpose study of the question of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Vatican in the context of the Papal Russian college graduates in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union during World War II. Methodology analysis and synthesis, partial application of the modeling method, the methodology of retrospective and prospective analysis. Results for research can draw some conclusions about the nature and specifics of the diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Vatican during the Second World War. This fact is an important factor in the secrecy of the mission of Catholic priests in the USSR. Disclosed the fact of the control of the NKVD of the activities of students and graduates of the Papal Russian College, not only in the USSR but also in Rome. The question of everyday life of students. Traced the fate of the majority of graduates in force in the mission in the territory of the Soviet Union. Practical implications of research. The results open up prospects for further in-depth research of specific diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Vatican during the Second World War.