We have analyzed the quality of education and evaluation usingarticles from the Brazilian Journal of Pedagogic Studies (RBEP)from 1944 to 1964. Since schools are systematic institutions, wehave been able to see that they should efficiently reach their purposes and objectives. We have verified that school performance was not just a wish, but also a principle established by schools. The diagnosis of the educational problems would be effectively verifiable by means of adopting precise and scientifically objective exams. The articles have spread beliefs and values that have contributed to affirm an educational conception based on the capitalist society model of that time.