The article presents the data on the prevalence of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology in children of Samara region. The analysis of selected respiratory diseases among Samara children shows that the most common chronic bronchopulmonary pathology in the region is asthma. In addition, the prevalence of asthma among teenagers is significantly higher than in younger children. The authors noted that the incidence of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology largely depends on exogenic factors, including the condition of the environment and other social factors, which vary depending on the size of the settlement and the type of economy. Investigating the regional epidemiological indicators of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology in comparison of "city - village" we may see that its prevalence among rural children is declining faster than in the children living in urban areas. The ratio and dynamics of epidemiological indicators of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children, according to the author, show late detection of chronic lung pathology in children. This mostly happens at the stage of obstructive changes of respiratory tract, indicating a need for improving methods of early diagnostics of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology.