The education history present today a breadth very great of study subject, however this historiography lost sight your teleology functions, it impoverish this sense political and social in inside of the sciences education. It is necessary recapture your function social political, out of though abdicate diversity subject conquer. It is this perspective asks for reconstitute criticism the Arthur Ramos career in Serviço de Saude Mental do Rio de Janeiro went install along of the Anisio Teixeira educational reform. This experience went duration short. The Estado Novo dictatorship (Getulio Vargas government) abandon the refer project in function of the discipline an authoritarian teaching. The boundary problem children went developed for Arthur Ramos to remove the idea, very common in epoch of abnormal. As report has it problem children is result of the precarious social and cultural conditions that the middle exercise on the children personality. The function of the service mental hygiene was to foresee disturbance and to recover the affecter’s children.