In the paper, the problem of social-psychological adaptation of a personality from the point of view of overcoming by it of difficult stressful situations in different conditions of the socialization (the process of study at a higher school, the professional socialization in extremal conditions) is considered. In the theoretical part of the paper the actuality of the problematic is validated, the main definitions are established: the social-psychological adaptation of a personality, coping-strategies, the socialization, the professional socialization. The main aim of the investigation: study the connection of the social-psychological adaptation and the coping-strategy of a personality in different conditions of the socialization. Methods of the diagnostic investigation: questionnaire of social-psychological adaptation by K. Rojers and R. Daimond, questionnaire of coping-behavior in stressful situations by S. Norman, D.F. Endler, D.A. James, M.I. Parker (in the adaptation of T.A. Kryukova). Statistic handling of the dates: the method of averages, the method of comparisons of two independent samples (the t-criteria of Student), the correlational analysis (Pirson). The results of the work: the level of social-psychological adaptation of students and policemen is found. Among the students according to the majority of the adaptation characteristics this level is high, among the policemen the level is medium (it corresponds to the normative rates). The main models of coping-strategy are found. Among the persons with the high adaptation potential the dominant coping-strategy is found (the orientation to the solution of the problem). This strategy of behavior is characteristic for the most of students and the half of policemen. The statistically significant differences in the groups of the probationers with the high and medium level of the adaptation (the typological analysis) and between the two main samples of the probationers are defined. This analysis confirms the results of the investigation, its reliability and characterizes different conditions of the socialization. The correlational analysis confirms the advanced hypothesis about the correlation of the appearances under the consideration. In particular, the positive and negative correlations on the majority of social-psychological characteristics of the adaptation of a personality and of coping-strategies. Applications of the results: consultation of the managers and young specialists, psychological following of the staff in the conditions of adaptation, preparing the psycho-correctional programs orientated to the prophylactic of the long-term stresses. Summary: the correlation between the social-psychological adaptation and coping-strategy of a personality in different conditions of the socialization is defined. The correlation between the high level of adaptation and the choice of the corresponding coping-strategy is traced. Persons with the medium or low level of the adaptation generally prefer less effective strategies of the overcoming behavior.