Although education in the U.S.A is a responsibility which concerns local and state authorities, the roles of the Federal Government in education have started to be debated more, nowadays. The Congress prepared many programs to solve various problems in education for years, however, results of the programs and their capacities ofsupplying the local demands are neglected. It is expressed that Federal Government does not fulfill its responsibilities to reward the successful performances and to punish the unsuccessful ones. Besides, defects of the system in recent years, different practices varying from states to states, differences in performance rates have caught public’s attention to education more, therefore the government is forced to prepare a detailed reformation plan onthis issue. The name of this reformation act is “No Child Left Behind Act”. With this act, it is aimed that the differences in the success rates between states and between schools in the states, are going to be removed and also all of the children in the U.S.A. are going to be provided equal opportunities of education. In this study, the American Education System is dealt with all aspects; the principles of the new reformation and innovations which it will bringare studied.