Education, a basic human right, is an essential prerequisite for inviduals to benefit from and pursue other rights. In view of this fact, as Ali Adnan Menderes, Turkish Prime Minister between 1950 and 1960 who took an important place in the history of the Turkish politics and democracy as a leading figure, put it: “We will achieve everything that a civilized country has; lack of investment is an illness for which there is no cure”, following the days of difficulties and sheer desperation brought by the Second World War, many important reforms were introduced in the fields of education and instruction starting from the 1950s. Under these reforms, while the financial structure of Turkey was improved, special emphasis was put on education and efforts were made in order to make very possible improvements regarding preschool, elementary, secondary and higher education. This was followed by efforts to keep up with advancements occuring in these fields worldwide and pave the way for them to be implemented by specialists.