The Moldavian Republic, the ex-Socialist Soviet Moldavian Republic, is one of the little known countries in Europe. In Bessarabia, the construction of the identity speech is marked by the complicated relationship between language, language name and Moldavians’ ethnic acknowledgement. The language problems have determined the apparition of two kinds of identity speeches: the Moldavian one and the Romanian one. These two types of identity manifestations materialize in the public speech of intellectuals, politicians or simple citizens. The language, as identity mark, has an extremely important role in the construction of a identity speech in the Moldavian Republic. In the same time, we have to mention that the inter-ethnic relations between the Moldavian, as majority, and the national minorities (Russian, Gagauz, and Ukrainian) are a contributing factor to building the national identity, too.