The work has the intention of approaching the second book of Emílio in Rousseau with the cards theLucílio of Seneca, trying to connect the ethical sense of "human condition" to a "natural order". Thecore of natural education lies in strengthening the body and in the refinement of the senses and tojustify it, Rousseau refers to ancient tradition, incorporating in its education project cosmologicalnatural ethical aspects well defined from that tradition. Seneca justifies such insertion in a worldwhere humans participates by virtue and morality, ordained by natural condition. Nature becomesthe central issue for Rousseau educate Emílio his student fictitious and Seneca the Lucílio. The selfmasteryis a fundamental condition for the inclusion in the order of things, how to face the vices thatcorrupt human "soul".