In the article has been carried out a historical analysis of the Olympic Games over consideration of the development environment in the ancient Greek civilization during the period of the Rome Empire domination. The influence of the Greek cultural heritage, ancient Greece system of education and physical training on different spheres of life in Roman society under conditions of complicated political and religious relationship has been studied. The politics of Roman rulers in relation to Greece, which drastically affected the development and decline of the Olympic Games in different periods of the Rome Empire governing, has been presented.