The purpose of this study is to introduce Taiwanese last curriculum standards and the development of authentic assessment to investigate 9th-graders’ scientific literacy in Taiwan. From this study, it was revealed that authentic assessment provided another possibility to evaluate students’ scientific cognition better than the traditional achievement tests. Besides, the hands-on activity developed by this study offered an opportunity to make students enjoy the examination more and showed a higher consistency with lower-achievement students’ performance on the national entrance exam. The discussion and implementation are presented.