Abstract:
It has often been said . . . that expertise in a given domain actually hinders people's success in that domain / the goal of this chapter is to specify some of the conditions under which and reasons why experts are sometimes outperformed by novices / the remainder of the chapter is divided into four parts: first, we discuss what we mean by "expertise" or "skill" and what separates expert from nonexpert thinking in any given field; second, we discuss the circumstances under which expertise leads to inferior, rather than superior, problem-solving performance, and we present empirical evidence supporting our claims; third, we relate the concepts of expertise and costs of expertise to the higher order concept of intelligent thinking; finally, we draw some conclusions and implications