AbstractIn the 1940's and 1950's, when a general educational reform seemedimminent, the Public Education Mathematics Teachers, moved by a small core of militant teachers, mobilizes to ensure and to reinforcethe place of mathematics in the study plans and, moreover, to engagetheir renovation via the introduction of the «modern mathematics».These «modernizers» are influenced by the Bourbaki groupe's ideasand those of the pedagogical mouvements: they want at the sametime to open the mathematical education to the contemporainmathematics' spirit – specially modern algebra –, and to renew theteaching methods by the adoption of an active pedagogy. Despite theoppositions, some of their propositions will be integrated in theeducational programs by the National Education Ministry in the late1950's.