It is possible to identify an original <em>pedagogical</em> turn starting from classical world, when the theoretical thinking and the organization of a shared public space involve in the constitution of pedagogical science, which must found an educational model useful in the new theoretical and political context. The <em>turning point</em> is located in the devaluation of religious-mythical education, thinking image as false, and in the founding of the paradigm of identity, based on word as true.