Web 2.0-based workplace learning is defined in this article as informal learning that takes place in the workplace through connections and collaborations mediated by Web 2.0 technology. Web 2.0-based workplace learning has the potential to enhance organisational learning and development. However, little systematic research has been published that explores how individual, social and organisational factors may influence Web 2.0-based workplace learning. This study aims to address this knowledge gap. Drawing on a selective review of the theories and research on social exchange, social capital, communities of practice and organisational support, we have developed a testable theoretical model for further empirical study.